Asia.co.th

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, two further developments enforced the hierarchy. First, the definition of a transparent class of ‘fine arts’ break up aesthetic creativity away from the mere craft abilities of the mechanical arts. Second, the relationship of ‘science’ to business was topic to considerable boundary work as scientists and engineers professionalized. Let us start with the instrumentalist strategy that technologies are means to ends and see if it can be improved. Prayers, spoken language and swimming strokes are means to ends; two of them are techniques and as such they share a family resemblance with applied sciences. But we will both reserve the useful distinction of the time period ‘technique’ in addition to sharpen the analytical definition of ‘technology’ if we agree to exclude practices that can be accomplished with out exterior, materials assist. It is the important source of information and ideas that make sense of a world in constant transformation